XY Tables
An XY table, commonly referred to as an XY positioning table, XY linear table, or motorized XY table, is used in linear applications to position a sample, such as a slide, flow cell, or well plate, being imaged or analyzed under a microscope. With the ability to move in two degrees of freedom, XY tables enable the imaging of the entire sample with high precision and efficiency. Typical applications for the XY table include automated microscopy, sample scanning, precision positioning, and high-throughput screening.
Compact High Performance XY Table Products
Compact, high performance XY linear tables utilize stacked individual axes to create XY motion. Crossed roller bearing stages such as the SmartStage XY and MMX offer better stiffness and repeatability but have limited travel. Alternatively, the MMS series linear guide rail and carriage bearing assembly offers longer travels with slightly less repeatability.
The SmartStage™ XY linear positioning table offers high precision and includes an embedded controller inside the table.
| wdt_ID | Travel | 50 - 200 mm |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accuracy | ≤ 10 μm |
| 2 | Repeatability | 0.8 μm |
| 3 | Payload | 10 kg |
Open Frame XY Table Products
Open frame XY positioning tables have an open aperture that allows for illuminating a sample from one side with the camera, optics, and objective on the other side of the sample. This arrangement is referred to as non-epifluorescence imaging. A typical microscope would have the illumination source below the sample and the camera/detector above the sample, while an inverted microscope has the opposite arrangement with the camera and objective below the table. Having a clear aperture is helpful as it takes up less space than cantilevering the sample.
The SmartStage™ Open Frame XY is the first open aperture linear motor stage with an embedded controller physically integrated inside the stage.
| wdt_ID | Travel | 115 x 75 mm |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accuracy | ≤ 10 μm |
| 2 | Repeatability | 0.8 μm |
| 3 | Payload | 10 kg |
Monolithic High Load XY Linear Tables
Monolithic style XY linear tables are used for larger loads and when there is a need to reduce height. The middle plate is both the table of the lower axis as well as the base of the upper axis. By using a monolithic integrated approach, a stiffer overall motion table design is achieved which allows for a lower overall stack height, which helps minimize Abbe errors getting introduced into the accuracy of the motion.
Custom Design Capabilities
Dover Motion has more than 25 years of experience working with OEMs to optimize motion for objective focusing, and moving samples on a slides, well plates, or flow cells. Our engineers have developed unique motion control architectures for precision motion specifically tailored to the needs of OEMs developing microscope-based systems and instruments relying on optical imaging as the analytical detection technique. Dover Motion’s novel, patented, SmartStage embedded controls provides key packaging advantages, reduced cabling and cable management requirements, and incredible system value for our clients.
- Long travel high speed load / unload stage
- Precision stepping axis
- Tip / Tilt to compensate for slide variation
- Optimized for price/performance
- Linear Motor high speed stepping axis
- Screw based indexing and Z lift axes
- Standard well plate carrier
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Additional Resources
About XY Tables
An XY table, also known as an XY stage, X-Y table, or XY positioning system, is a precision motion control device that provides translation along two orthogonal axes: X and Y. This enables accurate positioning within a plane, making it suitable for applications requiring controlled two-dimensional movement. XY tables are fundamental building blocks in automation, manufacturing, inspection, and scientific research.
An XY positioning system encompasses the complete assembly required for precise motion control. This typically includes:
- the XY table or stage itself
- linear actuators (e.g., ball screws, lead screws, or linear motors)
- drive motors
- motion controller
Advanced systems may incorporate feedback mechanisms (encoders, resolvers) and limit switches for enhanced precision and safety. The selection of components within an XY positioning system depends on load capacity, travel range, speed, accuracy, and precision requirements.
XY tables operate through the coordinated action of two linear actuators, one for each axis (X and Y). These actuators are driven by motors, converting rotary motion into linear motion. The actuators are mounted orthogonally, allowing for independent movement along each axis. Precise positioning is achieved by coordinating the movement of both actuators, enabling the table to reach any point within its travel range. Different actuators and drive mechanisms are employed based on specific application needs, such as high force, high speed, or extended travel.
XY stages provide precise, controlled motion in two dimensions, making them crucial in various applications, including:
- Life Science and Diagnostics: Sample manipulation, optics positioning, and experimental setups. XY stages provide accurate and repeatable positioning in life-saving life science instruments.
- Industrial Automation: Automated assembly, pick-and-place operations, and robotic systems. XY stages enable precisely positioning components, tools, and workpieces in automated processes.
- Precision Manufacturing: CNC machining, laser cutting, welding, and additive manufacturing. XY stages are essential for accurate tool and workpiece positioning in these processes.
- Inspection and Metrology: Microscopy, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and quality control systems. XY stages enable precise sample manipulation and measurement.
In a monolithic XY table, the orthogonality is precision-machined into its component parts. In this type of table, the top of the lower axis serves as the base for the upper axis in a simple and compact three-piece design. This approach typically reduces the overall height of the XY table resulting in less Abbe error. In addition, most of our actuators can be mounted in an XYZ configuration for vertical applications.
XY linear tables can be designed with a wide range of guideways, including:
- Ball and pressure plate provide lower cost, but less stiffness
- Crossed roller guideways offer high stiffness and precision straightness across travel
- Recirculating profile rails are best for longer travels
- Air bearings provide the highest precision flatness and straightness
Dover Motion offers various actuation options for use in an XY table, including:
- Rotary stepper motor or rotary servo motor driving a lead screw and friction nut for low cost applications
- Rotary stepper motor or rotary servo motor driving a ball screws for better repeatability
- Rotary motor driven belts and pulleys where speed and cost is more important than precision
- Linear motors for the best reliability (non-contact with no wearing elements) and for high precision repeatability
XY linear stages with air bearings and linear motors provide some of the highest levels of performance available. The only assembly more precise is called a planar gantry design.